Main Categories

Recently Updated Topics

  • Natural Recovery and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System

    1. OVERVIEW AND DESCRIPTION While long-established scientific doctrine has held that central nervous system (CNS) axons have limited regenerative capacity following stroke, brain injury, cerebral palsy, degenerative brain diseases, or spinal cord injury, several advances in the understanding of natural recovery and regeneration of CNS tissue represent exciting developments for the fields of physiatry and neurorehabilitation. Neurogenesis, the process by which new nerve cells …

  • Sports Medicine Disorders of the Hip: Posterolateral

    1. DISEASE/DISORDER Definition Sports related injuries to the posterolateral hip typically affect the greater trochanter (GT) and peritrochanteric soft tissue structures. Etiology Historically, lateral hip pain was believed to only involve bursal inflammation, but now it is better understood that bursitis comprises only a part of a complex pathological process1. The gluteus medius, gluteus minimus tendon, piriformis tendon and the iliotibial band (ITB) may …

  • Cardiac Rehabilitation Before and After Cardiac Transplantation

    1. DISEASE/DISORDER: Definition Heart transplantation (HT) is the procedure in which a failing heart is replaced by a healthy heart from a suitable donor in order to re-establish myocardial function and systemic blood flow. Etiology Common causes leading to a heart transplantation are: nonischemic cardiomyopathy (54%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (37%), valvular heart disease (3%), congenital heart disease (3%), hypertension (HTN), rhythm disorders, infections, alcohol/drug use, …

  • Upper Extremity Proximal Mononeuropathies

    1. DISEASE/DISORDER: Definition There are many nerves in the upper extremity which when compromised can lead to the shoulder girdle and upper extremity pain, weakness, and loss of function. These nerves include the Spinal accessory, long thoracic, upper/lower subscapular nerves axillary, suprascapular, and musculocutaneous, nerves. Etiology All are vulnerable to injury from blunt or penetrating trauma. Other etiologies include the following: Accessory nerve Iatrogenic …

  • Acute Flaccid Myelitis

    1. DISEASE/DISORDER Definition Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) is a rapidly progressive immune and infectious mediated disease process that causes flaccid weakness of one or more limbs1,2. It is further characterized by specific gray-matter abnormalities on MRI and probable pleocytosis (WBC >5 cells/mm3) in CSF3 Etiology No exact cause has been specifically identified; however, it has temporally and geographically been noted to be associated with …

  • Therapeutic Injection of Dextrose: Prolotherapy, Perineural Injection Therapy and Hydrodissection

    1. INTRODUCTION The prevalence of chronic pain among adults in the US is 20.4%;1 a concomitant opioid epidemic and subsequent opioid-related death have created a national emergency.2 National organizations have called for new therapies to treat chronic pain, including therapy that addresses the underlying pain pathology. An overarching goal is to produce improved non-opioid treatment regimens. The focus is this article is discussion of the …