Osteoporosis and Fractures after CNS Injury
[…] In this population contributing factors to development of osteopenia/osteoporosis include inflammatory stress, pituitary dysfunction and anti-epileptic medications. 5 The incidence of Spinal Cord Injury patients who develop osteoporosis is more than 50%.5 Those patients with higher neurological injury and complete injuries have a […]
Traumatic Brain Injury
[…] involves negative pressure waves following an explosion and is hypothesized to result in traumatic axonal injury in the brain and spinal cord.11 Secondary injury includes the evolution of primary intracerebral damage in addition to edema, excitatory neurotransmitter release, free-radical damage, […]
Sexual Dysfunction in Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
[…] no. 12, 2020, pp. 2080–2086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.028. Brotfain, E., et al. “Neuroprotection by Estrogen and Progesterone in Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury.” Current Neuropharmacology, vol. 14, no. 6, 2016, pp. 641–653. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159×14666160309123554. Gu Y, Wu Y, Su W, Xing L, Shen […]
Mild to Moderate Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
[…] which may be an indication for carotid dissection. Evaluation for spinal tenderness, paresthesias, incontinence, extremity weakness, priapism which may indicate spinal cord injury. Deep tendon reflexes, presence of Babinski sign, clonus and Hoffman’s sign. Functional assessment There are various tools that have […]
Tethered Cord Syndrome
[…] symptoms that include pain, incontinence, musculoskeletal deformities, motor weakness, and sensory abnormalities resulting from abnormal stretch placed on the distal spinal cord by congenital or acquired factors.1 Etiology Primary TCS is associated with abnormal primary or secondary neurulation during spinal […]
Pressure Injury Management in CNS Disorders
[…] from fasting plasma glucose and insulin, is a novel serum index associated with pressure injury history in people with chronic spinal cord injury. In a cross-sectional, observation study of adults with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury, comparing a group of individuals without […]
Spinal Procedures
[…] interventional spine procedures.27 Spinal Procedures – Table 2 Neurologic complications of epidural injections Can occur with nerve root injury or spinal cord injury Transforaminal epidural steroid injection May have rare catastrophic complications when performed in the cervical spine region Complications are associated […]
Neonatal Brachial Plexus Injury Part 1: Disease/Disorder and Essentials of Assessment
[…] the contralateral upper extremity Differential diagnosis includes1 Humeral or clavicular fracture Humeral osteomyelitis Tumor with mass effect Hemiplegic cerebral palsy Spinal cord injury Isolated peripheral nerve palsy Congenital varicella infection Physical examination Physical examination is the mainstay in diagnosing suspected NBPI and […]
Hematological, Metabolic and Endocrine Complications of CNS Injury
[…] elsewhere separately as a specific topic. Etiology Hematological, metabolic, and endocrine complications can result from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as non-traumatic disorders involving the brain or spinal cord such as stroke and CNS cancer. Endocrine […]
Vascular Myelopathy
Disease/Disorder Definition Vascular myelopathy (VM) refers to a set of conditions that result in spinal cord injury (SCI) secondary to ischemia or hemorrhage. These conditions result in spinal cord injury by local interruption of blood flow, spinal cord compression by mass effect, […]