Inflammatory Arthritides
[…] absence of acute inflammation. Patients with cervical spine involvement should avoid high-impact activities due to the risk of fracture or spinal cord injury. Resistance and aerobic training decrease inflammation, disease activity, and improve function and QOL in inflammatory myositis.45 Aquatic therapy reduces […]
Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
[…] Myoclonus can be caused by irritation or destruction of gray matter and can result from insult to the cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. Tremors are associated with brainstem, cerebellum, or thalamic lesions. Chorea and ballism have been linked […]
Opioid Management for Chronic Pain
[…] but binding also occurs at delta and kappa receptions with differing physiological effects. Kappa receptors are found predominately in the spinal cord and have a large role in spinal analgesia, respiratory depression, and dysphoria. The third primary opioid receptor is […]
Down Syndrome
[…] prompt referral for revascularization as well. Education on signs and symptoms of atlantoaxial instability and sports/activities with increased risk of spinal cord injury should be provided to caregivers, such as positioning for surgeries/anesthesia, trampoline use, etc. Echocardiogram prior to discharge from the […]
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
[…] age 18 months to prevent basilar impression.16 CVJ abnormalities can lead to compression of the cranial nerves, medulla, and cervical spinal cord, the latter two of which can result in hydrocephalus and syrinx.6,17,18 Fusion may ultimately be required.6 Essentials of […]
Acute Immune Related Neuropathies
[…] Demyelinating GBS is characterized by inflammatory infiltrates, consisting of T cells and macrophages, and areas of segmental demyelination found in spinal roots and large and small motor and sensory nerves. There is often secondary axonal degeneration. The antibody immune response […]
Introduction to Abnormal Gait
[…] hip flexion during swing Neurologic disorders Bipedal locomotion is initiated and controlled by control centers in the brain and the spinal cord and effected by skeletal muscles. Maintaining balance utilizes multiple systems including proprioception, the visual system, and the vestibular […]
Medical Marijuana and Psychedelics for Chronic Pain
[…] to placebo, with reductions ranging from 25% to 45% during treatment, although effects often diminish shortly after.23 Conditions such as spinal cord injury pain, phantom limb pain, and postherpetic neuralgia demonstrate promising outcomes with significant pain reduction during or immediately after infusion.23 […]
Breast Cancer
[…] the neck, torso, axilla and upper extremity. Baseline arm circumference measurements. Neuromuscular examination (for pre-existing neuropathy, strength impairment, evidence of spinal metastasis). Inspection, palpation, and range of motion of joints (for pre-existing arthralgias and shoulder function). Functional assessment Ability to […]
Pediatric Brain Tumor
[…] of mortality from childhood cancer, accounting for 25% of all cancer deaths in children. More than 4,000 pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors are diagnosed annually.3 Between 2016 and 2020 in children (age 0-14 years) and adolescents (age 15-19 years), […]