Role of Manual Therapies in Musculoskeletal Disorders
[…] and muscle imbalance. Golgi tendon organ reflexes: The Golgi tendon apparatus is sensitive to tension, providing afferent information to the spinal cord to inhibit alpha motor neuron output and cause muscle relaxation to avoid excessive tendon tension. Fascia: Fascia […]
Tetanus
[…] produced by Clostridium tetani. The tetanus toxin undergoes retrograde transport in lower motor neuron axons and reaches the brainstem and spinal cord. Once in the central nervous system (CNS), the toxin is transported across synapses and is taken up by […]
Orthostatic Hypotension
[…] Maurer. Syncope in older adults. Journal of Geriatric cardiology . (2016) 13: 380-386. Claydon VE, Krassioukov AV. Orthostatic hypotension after spinal cord injury: clinical features and management: Spinal Cord 2006; 44:341-351 Novak V, Novak P, Spies JM, Low PA. Autoregulation of cerebral […]
Pes Cavus
[…] cause. Taking into account the time course is also important. An acute onset of unilateral pes cavus is concerning for spinal cord involvement. Whereas chronic, mild lateral foot pain symptoms aggravated by activities is more consistent with subtle or idiopathic […]
Virtual Reality and Robotic Applications in Rehabilitation
[…] and sensory disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS), including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), cerebral palsy (CP), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic peripheral neuropathies (PN), cognitive dysfunction (COG), certain […]
Chest Wall Pain Syndrome
[…] muscular strain/spasm will then restrict joints, creating discomfort at costochondral joints. Neurology: the anterior rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves form the intercostal nerves. These nerves course along the inferior border of the rib. If there is damage […]
Alternative and Complementary Approaches – Acupuncture
[…] the body. These points are chosen to stimulate peripheral nerves and neurovascular bundles. After an acupuncture diagnosis is made, the spinal nerves that correspond to the myotomes, sclerotomes, and dermatomes in the pathologic region are stimulated at a variety of […]
Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with Drugs and Toxins
[…] is no American Society of Clinical Oncology recognized recommended CIPN prevention.19 Intrathecal drug delivery systems and neuromodulation interventions such as spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation are well established therapies in chronic pain management.15 Future research is needed to […]
Stiff Person Syndrome
[…] mainly useful to rule out other central nervous system pathologies and for detection of malignancy. MRI of the brain and spinal cord may be obtained for visualization of the central nervous system. Neoplastic workup may include any of the following […]
Dystonias (except torticollis)
[…] (11.1/100,000)4 Acquired Brain injury – cerebral palsy, stroke, neoplasm, medications (tardive syndrome), autoimmune encephalopathies Intrauterine crowding Nasopharyngeal infections, posterior fossa/cervical spinal cord lesions Compensation for visual disturbances (diplopia/nystagmus) or Sandifer’s syndrome Psychogenic causes Physical examination Dystonia describes abnormal movements or […]